Thread parter for weft replenishing looms



1 Oct. 11, 1932. Q. v. PAYNE I 1,881,920

THREAD PARTER FOR WEFT REPLEN-ISHING LOOMS Filed Feb. 21, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 11, 1932. O V PAYNE 1,881,920

THREAD PARTER FOR WEFT REPLENISHING LQOMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 21. 1931 I E i JN l E/V 727/? 75545 1/5 4 YNE Patented Oct. 11, 1932 units. err-es OSCAR v. PAYNE, or woaonsriin, MASSACHUSETTS, nssionon To] onoivirrroir &.

KIIOWLES LO'OLVI \VOEKS, OF MASSACHUSETTS wononsrnn, MASSACHUSETTS, A oo trona'rron or Tran-nan ren'rnn ron-warm RnrtENIsx-IING Looms np ncation fiied rebru r z 1931.. Serial No. 517,559.

This invention relates to improvements in thread parters forlooms and it is the gen eral object of the invention to provide a simplified device of this nature which shall act to sever the thread at the eyeend of the shuttle, preferably by advance movement of the shuttle. i

In weft replenishing looms there usually remains at the time of transfer aweft end which extends from the selvagealong the front shuttle wall to the weft delivery eye,

through the latter and down through the bobbin slot in the lay to the bobbin can. 'Unless this weft end is extracted prior to'the pick immediately following transfer there is a likelihood that it will be whipped into the shed to form an imperfection in the cloth. It has been proposed heretofore to cut the end at the shuttle feeler, clamping way it is necessary to deal with but one end,

the part extending beyond the shuttle eye being extracted by the expelled bobbin.

It is a further object of my present invention to provide a cutter or thread parter which shall reside in part in a plate oranvil on the shuttle and in part in a movable weft parting edge which is brought into contact with the anvil preferably at the time of transfer. The anvil is carried by the front wall of the shuttle and disposed so as to extend across the weft end which usually ere tends longitudinally in alignment with the front delivery eye. In this connection I find it convenient to control the cutting edge through the transferring mechanism by a connection which normally holds the cutter out of contacting position'with respect to the anvil but acts when the transferrer arm descends to permit the cutting edge'to move rearwardly toward the anvil. In thisway the cutting elements move'towar'd each other alone.

In multicolor'weft replenishing mecha' nisms it is customary to locate the. weft de tector under the magazine where it may enter a slotin the front wall of the shuttle to de ployed it is desirable to insure a free path of and the cutting is accomplished by mo ,tion which is faster than that of the lay H extends from the shuttle eye to the thread I clamp. If the detector is not retracted sufiiciently removal of this part of thethread be rendered difficultby entanglement with the feeler finger. This is particularly true with high twist yarns." It is according ly another object of my invention to control the thread cutter and detector in'suoha way that when the cutter acts to release the thread at the shuttle eye the feeler will be moved forwardly to a point'where it cannot interfere with that part of the weft which may tend to snap from the eye toward the shuttle feeler clamp. It is desirable to accomplish this result whether the binder be on the front -with a shuttle carried groove for the-weft or whether the b nder be on the back and the front wall of the shuttle box engages only the upper part of the shuttle.

Another ob'ect of my invention is to ar-.

range the cutter so that two coacting parts I will have relative sliding motions,' either vertically or horizontally,'to assist in parting the weft, the relative motion being produced bya force derived from the shuttle and transmitted preferably through the anvil.

It is a still furtherobjectof the invention 1 to provide a cutter or parter which. will be des pendent for its operation uponthe actual presencein proper position of the shuttle, preferablythe shuttle eve, before a cutting operation can'occur. I I

Still another ob'ect of the invention is to rely upon pinching theweft between a part-- ing edge and a relatively hard surface The latter may be of a form such that it can be thought of as having beengenerated by the parting edge.

With these and other obje'ctsin view which will appear as the description proceeds, my invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein a convenient embod mentof my lIlV6I1tIOIl is set forth,

sition and the detector withdrawn,

Fig. 2'is avertical section online 2 2 nut 39 on-therod engages the top of the of Fig. 1,

. s Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a shuttle which comprises a portion of my present invention;

Fig. 418 an enlarged elevation'of a'portion I I seen in Fig. 5, operates to close the jaw and s of Fig.2, certain parts being in section,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 55,-F1g.

1', showing the parts in operating position, 20

the parts in adifferent position, and f F1 7 1s .a view lookin in the direction of .Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 butwith arrows 7.7, Fig. 6.

--"Referring'toFig. 1 I have shown a breast beam 10 and a lay 11 pivoted-at L, see Fig. 6. Front and rear walls 12 and 13, respectively, define the shuttle box for a shuttle S.

, As set forth herein the front wall is stationary with respect to. the lay and is formed to ex-.

4 the rear wall is formedin part by. a. yielding pose the lower front part of the shuttle, while binder 14. A loom frame 15 supports a multicolor weft replenishing mechanism 16 which may operate as shown in'Pate-nt No. 1930,7418. This 'inechanism comprises a'fiXed stud 17 on which is pivotally mounted atransferrer arm 18 having'a hub 19. The latter has a pair of depending legs 20 between which is pivoted a latch holder 21.jcarrying a latch 22., The latch can be raised by appropriate mechanism into the path of bunter 28 on the lay'forthe this invention.

purpose of depressing the transferrer arm 18.

Any form of weft detector may be used, that form shown herein being designated generally at D and comprising a rearwardly extending feeler finger 24 pivotally mounted on a slide-25 the forward end of'i'vhich is upturned as at 26. The detector ofitself may be as shown in my prior Patent No. 1,738,198

and formsno part of my present invention,

although the control therefore i s a 'feature of It is sufiicientfor present purposes to say that. the detector and slide 25' will move forwardly without angular movement whena working supply of weftis present, but when exhaustion approaches the finger will move angularly about its slide carried pivot and along a denuded bobbin to initiate a subsequent depression of the transfe'rrer lever forthe "purpose of effecting a change of bobbins in the active shuttle.

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the clamp which I use maybe mounted on a shuttle feeler of the type shown in Patent No. 1261,41? and comprises a stand 27 to which is.;pivoted a lever 28. The latter is connected to a link 29 which is raised when a transfer is to occur.

A shuttle feeler arm 30 is pivoted to'the lever and is resiliently held in'normal position by tached *toan operating rod guided in a swivel 36 on thestand 27. A spring-.87 between theswivel and a-collar38 on therod permits a limited yielding of the rod. Stop swivel and acts to open the j aw when the link 29 is raised. Forwardmovement of the shuttle feeler by engagement with the lay, as

reset the magazine, although this latter result need not. be accomplished by the shuttle feeler. Forward motion of the shuttle feeler caused by a misplaced shuttle will prevent transfer. i s The mechanism thus far described is of, common constructi m being substantially the same as that. found in the ordinary well-1 known stationary-magazine loom and in the aforesaid patents. I In carrying my invention into effect 1 provide two separate thread parting members whichyare brought into coaction at the desired time." The first member ccnsists of ahard or metallic plate 40 which, as shown in F 3, may be set slightly into the front wall of the shuttle and extend both above and below the delivery eye 41. Where a thread groove 4-2 extends longitudinally along thefront surface of the shuttle it will be interrupted by the plate. The plate is very close to the delivery eye and may be held in position on the shuttle any approved means. Q

Thesecond member C is mounted indea pendently of the shuttle. the loomside carriesa stand 51 which is adjustably mounted both for vertical and horizontal positioning on'the bracket. An up Wardly extending stud 52 on the stand, pivotally; supports a cutter lever 53 the hubof A bracket 50 on which is surrounded by a torsion spring 54 having such relation with the stand and lever asinormally to urge said lever in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1. The

effect of the spring is to move the member C 1 rear end of which may be provided with a knife edge 58. The latter extends above and below a'horizontal line passing throughthe delivery eye 11, and as suggested in Fig. 4,

the pivot 59 for the cutterblade is so placed with respectto the forward end of the bifurcation as to allowa limited angular :movement in a vertical plane on the partof the plate.* l j The left hand arm 60,0f the lever extends behind a depending-finger 61 cast integral with the hub 19 of the transferrer arm. The spring 54 holds this arm against the finger, but the transferrer arm is not moved bythe spring because the position thereof is determined by a relativeiy heavy torsion spring, 62 surrounding the stud' 17. These two torsional springs oppose each other, the

spring 62 being strong enough to overpower spring 5e. The finger 61 is so placed asto engage the upturned end 26 of the slide 25 at the'time of transfer tomov'ethe feeler finger 24 forwardly away from 'the'front wall of the shuttle. While the thread clamp which I employ near the inner end of the shuttle may be placed as set forth in the aforesaid Patent No. 1,261,417, yet it d iffers from that patent in that it has no cutter. -The jaw 34 moves angularly between two Clamping elements on the arm 30. One of these elements is guided onpins 71 carried by the arm and is held against the jaw by a leaf spring 72 anchored tofthe arm. The other clamping element 73 may be formed as part of the arm. While I have shown two different clamp elements 70 and 73 to coact with the jaw, yet one will suffice.

In operation, so long as a workingsupply of weft is present, the feelerwill move forwardly on detecting beats and will return without calling for a change. When Weft is depleted, however, a" change is called for 1 which involves raising the latch 22 into the path of the hunter 23 by lifter rod .80. At the same time the clampmoves rearwardly to the position shown-in Fig. 6 with the jaw in open position to define a thread receiv ing notch with the clamping elements. Un-

der these conditions, andwhile the bunter is still out of contact with the latch, the lever 53 is held with its right hand end forward because of engagement with the finger61.

Asthe lay advances, engagement of the hunter and latch will depress the transferrer arm, at which time the finger 61 will move forwardly. This action accomplishes two results, namely, spring 54: is permitted to move 1-;- the cutter C rearwardly,'and the feeler D is moved forwardly. As the cutter member G moves toward the advancing shuttle it will be approximately in the position shown in Fig. 4 with the cutting edge 58 slightly in I" clined. Before the lay reaches its foremostposition the edge 58 will engage the plate or anvil 4:0 and move'to the. dotted line position shown in Fig. 4:, to place the knife edge in contact throughout its length with the plate on "the shuttle. At this'time the the rate of cutting weft end T is extending acrossthe plate 40 so thatengagement of the latter :with the edge 58 will sever the thread at a point'close: lyadjacent to the eye of theshuttle. 1-" V v As the lay swings forwardly it will turn" about its pivot L, but the cutter G will nevertheless be able to remain "in contact with the face of plate 4 -0 despite tliechan'gingangular position of the latter. Duringthe forward motion of the lay subsequent to engagement 5 of the cutting members the edge 58 will slide along the plate 40 away from the'clamp,thus giving additional assurancethat the weftwill be cut.

It is important that the clamp shallcatch the thread prior to the parting at the eye, and to this endthe rear of the arm 30 is engaged and moved forwardly by a part of the lay. early enough in the advance movement of the latter to clamp the thread at the desired time; 7

Prior to cutting the feeler finger has been moved forwardly sufficiently so that; if the thread be of ahigh twist and tends to snap toward the clamp the likelihood of entangle ment with the feeler finger will be reduced if not entirely eliminated. f

' It will be seen that the relative movement between the cutter blade and: the shuttle wall is determined by two factors, -.first',' the advance movement of the lay and, second, the rearward movement of the cutter'C, so that is greater than that of thela-y.

A templecutter 81 of any well-known construction may be employed to sever the weft end. T adjacent the selvage on. a subsequent pick. ,7

From the foregoing itwill be seen thatI have provided a simpleform of threadparter which depends upon pinching the weft between a hard surface on the'shuttle and a relatively sharp edge'on a cutter blade, and'the" latter is so mounted as to align itselfvertically with the shuttle surface to have contact therewith as the lay moves around its pivot.

Itwill also be seen that the weft detector is retracted a sufiicient distance to be out of the path of the weft which is released by I V the parter should it tend to snap back toward the thread clamp. Furthermore, the thread is clamped at a point intermediate the selvage and the shuttle eye sothat this entire length of weft remains intact, thereby making it necessary to manipulate but one piece of thread; aAgain, it willlbe noted because of the control eXcercised by the finger 61 the cutter contacts with the anvil only during I the act of transfer and the rate of cutting is greater than the rate of motion of the T25 lay. F urthermore,:the.members may be interchanged without departing from the'spirit of the invention. :Also, the edge 58' slides along the plate while in contact' therewith, and in this connection it is convenient to 130 think of the plateas having a surface that couldhave. been generated vby the cutting 5 each other..

- ,The clamp'and detector-need not be. of. the

edge 58; Spring fiezyields to the lay but acts to hold the cutter members in contact with specific fo'rmset forth herein in order to carry out thespirit of certain phases of this invention v p Having thus described my invention it will be seen that changes andmodifications may i .be made therein by those skilled invthe art without departing fromw'the spirit and scope of the invention'and I do not w sh to be hm ited to the detailshereindisclosed, butwhat *'l.;In thread controlling mechanism for. a Weft replenishing loomhaving a shuttle from thedelivery eye of which extends a weft thread, an anvil; carried on the frontwall of the shuttle positioned to extend on opposite -v sides of-the weft extending from the shuttle eye toward the cloth selvage, and a parter movable toward the shuttle on transferring beats of the 100111 to force the filling against theanviland part the filling.

V 2, In a thread controlling mechanism for a weft-replenishingloom having a shuttle from which weft extends, a pair of weft artlng members, one of which ismovable orw'ardlyby the shuttle, and means to cause said members-to move into weft parting'en-v gagement with each other at a rate greater 'than the rate of movement of the shuttle. .85

effect parting the weft.

i *4. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which extends a weft thread, a pair of thread I parting elements one of which'compri'sesa substantially flat hard surface'on the front wall of the shuttleandthe other of which comprises a relatively sharpedge, and means b to move said elements toward each other to pinch the filling between them, the relative rate of approachdoeing greater than the movement of either member.

5. In thread controlling mechanism fora weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from whichextends a weft thread, a pair of thread "parting elements one of which comprises a 'substantially flat hard surface on the front wallof the shuttleand the other of which comprises a relatively sharp edge, andlmeans 'to move said elements towardeach other to pinch thefilling between them, the'relative rate of approachbeing greater than the movement of either member, both of said members ,beingmovable forwardly with the shuttle duringa portionof thetransfer. 1 1 6., In thread controlling mechanism'for .a

Weft replenishing loom havinga shuttle with.

a delivery eye from which a weft thread extends, alay to carry theshuttle forwardly, a transferrer mechanism to effect change "of weft supply in theshuttle, and a pair of co= operative threadkparting elements one of which is carried by the shuttle between the eye and cloth and the other of which is opere atively relate'dflto the transferring mecha-, nism, and means effective when thetrans-J ments into cooperative thread parting relation. I I

7. In'thread controlling mechanism for a weft; replenishing loom having a shuttle ,with a deliveryeye from which extendsa weft thread, a lay to carry the shuttle forferrer mechanismoperates to move the ole I wardly, a transferrer mechanism movable by the lay on a forward movement thereof to elfectchange of weftsupply in the shuttle, a pair of cooperative thread parting elements one of which is located on the shuttle transfer mechanism, the latterefiiective on non-transferring picks of the loom to pre-'- vent coaction between the elements, said elements effective upon operation of transfer 'mechanism to have cooperative relation to part the weftona transferring beat of the lay.

weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which an exhausted bobbin is expelled, a lay to carry the shuttle forwardly during the act of transfer, a transferrer mechanism movable by the lay on'a forward movement thereof to effect change of weft supply in the shuttle, a lever yieldingly held against the transferrer mechanism, a thread parting element on the shuttle, a second'thread part- 7 'ing element on the lever, the transfer mechanism on nontr'ansferring beats of the lay holding the lever in such a position as to' prevent coaction between the thread parting elements, and resilient means acting on said lever in a direction tending to effect parting cooperation between the elements at all times, said resilient means normally overpowered. by the transferrer mechanism but effectivewhen the latter operates to cause 00- operative thread parting action on the part of the elements. I i 9. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which a weft thread extends, two 00 acting thread parting elements, one of said 8 In thread controllingmechanism for a .90 between the eyev andcloth and thefother of which is operativelyrelated normally to the elements being carried by the shuttle and so,

disposed as to lie along the path of the weft extending from the shuttle,,the other element mounted to have asliding movement along I the firstnamed element in a direction away pickof the loom.

from the .selvage 'of the cloth while in conitact with the first named element to part the which is carried by-the shuttle, and means to moveone of said elements with respect to the other in a direction away from the selvage of the cloth; i

. 11. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which a weft thread extends, a'pair of coacting thread parting elements one of which is carried by the shuttle, and means to move one of said elements with respect to the other in a-direction away from the selvage of the cloth, while the elements are in contactwith each other;

12. In thread controlling mechanism for a weftr-eplenishing loom having a shuttle from which extends a weft thread, a lay to carry the shuttle forwardly during the act of transfer, a pair of thread parting elements one of which is carried by the shuttle, and means to cause a relative movement between the elements in the: direction of the length of the shuttle as the lay advances on atransferring l3. Inthread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom, having a shuttle from which an exhausted bobbin is expelled a lay to carry the shuttle forwardly during the act of transfer, a metallic plate carried by the front wall of the shuttle, a lever pivoted about a fixed axis and having an arm extending from said axis in the direction of th length of the shuttle, and a thread parter mounted on the lever arm and displaced rearwardly from the axis and in the direction of the length of the shuttle and positioned to engage the plate on the shuttle during the forward movement of the lay on a transferring beat of the loom to part the weft. v 14. In thread parting mechanism for a loom having a lay, a surface across which the weft extends carried forwardly by the lay, and a thread parter mounted and constructed to slide alongthe surface in contact with the weft to part the latter.

15. In thread parting mechanism for a loomhaving a lay, a surface carried forwardly by the lay and across which a weft thread extends, and a thread parter to slide along the weft and force the latter against the surface to part the weft.

' 16. In thread parting mechanism for a loom having a lay, a shuttle movable forwardly with the lay, a surface carried by the shuttle across which the weft extends, and a weft parter constructed and operated by forward motion of the. lay to slide along the surface in contact with the weft to force the latter against the surface and part'said weft. v v

17. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having ashuttle'from which extends a weft thread, apair of coactmg weft parting elements one of which is carried by theshuttle, the other element being mounted for angular movement and movable angularly bycontact with the shuttle carried element to be aligned with the latter, the filling extending across the shuttle carried element and being parted bya pinching action between the elements. i

.18. In thread contro a Weft replenishing loom having a shuttle. from which extends a weft thread, a pair of coacting weft parting elements one of which is carried by the shuttle, the other element mounted to move transversely of the-weft, engagement of the elements causing said other element to move relatively to the ele lling mechanism for 3 ment on the shuttle and transversely of the weft to severthe latter. i

- 19. In thread controlling'mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which extends a'weft thread, a lay .to carry the shuttle forwardly during the act. of

transfer, a weft parting element mounted on the front wall of the shuttle, and a second thread parting element having a vertically extending edge to engage the first element and mounted to move relatively to the element on the shuttle, saidsecond. element so disposed that one end of the vertical edge 7 V will strike the first namedelement in advance of the other and cause alignment ofsaid cut ting edge with the first element. 20. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which extends a weft thread, alay to carry the shuttle forwardly, a cutting element carried by the front wall of a shuttleand across which the weft extends, a second parting element, and a pivotal support for'said second element, the latter having a vertical parting edge one end of which engagesthe shuttle carried element in advance of the other'end,

of the vertical cutting edge with thelay car-' ried element.

advance movement of thelay causing a rela-i '21. In thread controlling mechanism fora weft replenishing loom having a shuttle from which extends a weft thread, a lay to carry the shuttle forwardly, a center around which the lay moves pivotally, and a pair of thread parting elements one of which is carried by the lay and has a surface transverseof the line of movement of the lay, the other element mounted independently of the layto engage the element on the lay and move-angularly while in contact therewith during the advance of the lay; .7

22. In thread controlling mechanism for a weft replenishing loom havinga shuttle from which a weft thread. extends, a lay to carry the shuttle'forwardly, a pivot around which the lay. swings, a pair of cooperating thread parting elements one of which partakes of thearcuate movement of the lay as the same heats up, the second element being pivotally mounted independently of the lay to contact parting elements brought intoqcooperatlon by heats up. g I 23.4111 threadxcontrollin'g-mechanism for with and share the changing angular positions .of the first named element as the lay a weft replenishing loom having av shuttle fro'miwhich a weft thread extends, allay to carry the shuttle forwardly, a pair of thread forward movement of the lay, said elements constructed and opera-ted'to have relative vertical and'horizontal movements while in contact-with each other and the weft during foring mechanism adjacent the end of the shuttle opposite the delivery eye, a weft detector to extend through the front wall of the shuttle, and transfer means to expel an exhausted bobbin from the shuttle, said transfer means effective upon a transferring beat of a loom to control the cutter mechanism and also withdraw the detector to a position in front of the'front wall of the shuttle and outof the path of theweft. extending between the cutter mechanism and clamp. I r i I 25. In a weft replenishing loom having, a lay and a shuttle thereon with a thread de- I livery eye extending away from the adjacent selvage at the time of transfer, a thread clamp adjacent one-end of the shuttle, a thread i parter adjacent the other end of the shuttle,

a weft detector intermediate the ends of the shuttle to extend into the latter from a positioninfront. of the shuttle, and means to actuate the clamp and withdraw the detector to a position in front of the weftextending between the cutter and clamp prior tothe time of operation of theparter. v V 26'. In a loom having a lay, a front shuttle box defining wall" fa'stwith respect to the layto engage the front of the shuttle, a shuttle to be carried by the lay and located be+ hind the wall, and cooperating thread partingmembers one of which iscarriedby the shuttle on the-front face thereof and the other of which is independent of the shuttle, said'members having weft parting engagement with. each other under the wall.

27; In a1 weft parting device for a loom having a lay operating with a shuttle, the lay and shuttle advancing onftransfer picks the shuttle to of the am, an anvilicarried on. an exterior advancing surface or: the shuttle and. sub stantially aligned with said surface, and a parting member to engage the anvil ontransferring beats of the loom to part the weft; 1.

. 28..In a weft parting'devi'ce for a loom having a lay operating with a shuttle, thelay an d shuttle advancing on transferring. picks of the loo1n,-;a delivery eye located: at one end of the shuttle the. latter having a' weft supply therein which extends from a point within theishuttle through the delivery eye toward the cloth, and cooperating elements one of which is carried by-the shuttle and disposed along the path of the weft between the delivery eye and the cloth to'co-act and part the weft at the time of transfer;

29. In a weft parting device for aloom hav- 7 ing a lay operating with a shuttle, the lay and shuttle advancing on transferring picks of the loom, a delivery eye for the weft, and

a pair of thread parting cooperating members one of which is carried by the shuttle on the front face thereof and in horizontal alignment with the delivery eye, said members effective to part the weft at the time of trans fer. r

picks of the loom, the weft of the shuttle. When the latter is in transfer position having the 30. In a :weft parting device for a m having: a lay operatingwith. a shuttle, the

lay and shuttle advancingl on transferring "1 lengtheextending away from the cloth, a delivery eye through which another length of I the weft extends back toward thecloth, both of said lengths being disposed longitudinally of the shuttle and one'in front of the other, and a pair of thread parting members one of which is carried bythe shuttle to engage and part the front length of weft.

having a shuttle rovidedwith a delivery eye and having a supply of weft which when 10s 31. In a weft parting devicefor a loom the shuttle is in transferring position is looped back on itself. providing front and back portions, and a pair'of coa'ctinv weft parting members one of which is carried by f Weft.

thereon with a threaddelivery eye extending away from the adjacent selvage, means to part the weft of the outgoing bobbin. adjacent the eye, means to clamp the weft adjacent the other end of the shuttle, a'weftvde- ,tectonlocated between the thread parter and the clamp and on the side of the clamp ing means remote from the selvage, and

means to withdraw the weft detector on weft parting beats of the loom to a point substantially in advance of the weft extending between the cutter and clamp.

Intestimony whereof I have hereunto at fixed my signature.

oscARv. PAYNE.

part the front portion of said 7 I 32. In a loom having "a lay and ashuttle 

